Crypto and stablecoin regulation compared: 31 jurisdictions
This table compares the crypto and stablecoin rules of 31 jurisdictions (30 countries and the EU) that have a page on achivx.org. Each row repeats what that page says, in the page's own words, with the page's last review date and the primary sources it cites. A cell reads "not covered" where the page has no fact for it.
Scope: one row per English country page. The "Status refers to" column says whether the status is about crypto service providers, an AML registration duty, stablecoins or both; a stablecoin row says nothing about exchange licensing. A tax note appears only where a page states a tax rule or a tax-authority view. This table is not legal advice: the country page and its sources govern.
Data: regulation.json · regulation.csv (CC BY 4.0, version 1.1.0). Each row links its country page and up to 3 of its primary sources; the JSON and CSV carry every source.
Crypto and stablecoin rules by jurisdiction
| Jurisdiction | Status | Regulator(s) | Licence regime | Stablecoin rule | Tax note | Last reviewed | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina (AR) | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for virtual asset service providers | Comisión Nacional de Valores (CNV) | Law 27.739; CNV General Resolution (Resolución General, RG) 1058 | No: No stablecoin-specific rule for Argentina was found in the sources this page uses | lists among gains the results from disposing of "monedas digitales, títulos, bonos y demás valores, cualquiera sea el sujeto que las obtenga" (digital currencies, securities, bonds and other values, whoever obtains them) | 9 November 2026 | argentina.gob.ar · boletinoficial.gob.ar · argentina.gob.ar |
| Australia (AU) · /regulation/australia/ | Enacted, not in force (Crypto service providers): passed, not yet commenced | ASIC | Corporations Amendment (Digital Assets Framework) Act 2026 | Partial: ASIC considers that certain stablecoins are "likely to be a non-cash payment facility" | not covered | 9 November 2026 | legislation.gov.au · asic.gov.au · ministers.treasury.gov.au |
| Brazil (BR) · /regulation/brazil/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force | Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) | Law 14.478/2022; Decree 11.563/2023; BCB Resolutions 519, 520 and 521 | Yes: define a fiat-referenced virtual asset (stablecoin) | not covered | 9 November 2026 | planalto.gov.br · planalto.gov.br |
| Canada (CA) · /regulation/canada/ | Enacted, not in force (Stablecoins): pending | Bank of Canada | Stablecoin Act (S.C. 2026, c. 3, s. 600) | Partial: has received Royal Assent (26 March 2026) but is not in force | not covered | 2 November 2026 | laws-lois.justice.gc.ca |
| Colombia (CO) | In force (AML reporting): providers of virtual asset services must send suspicious transaction reports to the UIAF | Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC); Unidad de Información y Análisis Financiero (UIAF) | not covered | No: no statute or circular of the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (SFC) regulating virtual asset service providers or stablecoins was found in force in those sources | in its unified concept of 17 October 2023 that cryptocurrencies are treated as assets | 10 November 2026 | uiaf.gov.co · superfinanciera.gov.co · normograma.dian.gov.co |
| European Union (EU) · /regulation/european-union/ | In force (Crypto service providers and stablecoins): in force | ESMA | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | Yes: Stablecoins fall under MiCA's rules for EMTs and ARTs | not covered | 1 November 2026 | data.europa.eu · esma.europa.eu · esma.europa.eu |
| Georgia (GE) | In force (Crypto service providers): came into force on 1 January 2023 | NBG | Registration Rule | Approved: Order No. 52/04 of 6 March 2026 approved the rule for the initial coin offering of a stablecoin; Order No. 214/04 amended it, in force from 10 September 2026 | not covered | 6 November 2026 | nbg.gov.ge |
| Germany (DE) | In force (Crypto service providers and stablecoins): MiCA (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) is binding in its entirety and directly applicable in every member state | Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin); Deutsche Bundesbank | Kryptomärkteaufsichtsgesetz (KMAG); MiCA (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) | Yes: only credit institutions or e-money institutions can issue e-money tokens or apply for their admission to trading | not covered | 6 November 2026 | gesetze-im-internet.de |
| Hong Kong (HK) · /regulation/hong-kong/ | In force (Stablecoins): in force since 1 August 2025 | Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) | Stablecoins Ordinance (Cap. 656) | Yes: issuing fiat-referenced stablecoins as a business in Hong Kong requires a licence from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) | not covered | 9 November 2026 | hkma.gov.hk · hkma.gov.hk |
| India (IN) · /regulation/india/ | In force (AML registration): have been required to register as reporting entities with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) | Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND); Reserve Bank of India (RBI) | AML & CFT Guidelines | No specific rule (statement): The RBI has set out its views on stablecoins | Tax on virtual digital assets (Income-tax Act, 2025) | 9 November 2026 | fiuindia.gov.in · fiuindia.gov.in · fiuindia.gov.in |
| Indonesia (ID) · /regulation/indonesia/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force | Financial Services Authority (OJK) | POJK 27/2024 | No: No stablecoin-specific OJK or Bank Indonesia regulation was found in the sources this page uses | not covered | 1 November 2026 | ojk.go.id · ojk.go.id |
| Japan (JP) | In force (Stablecoins): in force since 1 June 2023 | Financial Services Agency (FSA) | Payment Services Act (Act No. 59 of 2009); Payment Services Act, Art. 63-2 | Yes: per an FSA presentation of December 2022 issuers must be licensed as a bank, fund transfer service provider or trust company | Profits from crypto-asset transactions are subject to income tax and are, in principle, classed as miscellaneous income. | 9 November 2026 | fsa.go.jp · laws.e-gov.go.jp · nta.go.jp |
| Kazakhstan (KZ) · /regulation/kazakhstan/ | In force (Crypto service providers and stablecoins): in force under two regimes | National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK); Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA) | Resolution No. 39; AIFC Digital Asset Activities rules | Yes: allow stablecoins backed only by money | not covered | 1 November 2026 | nationalbank.kz |
| Mexico (MX) · /regulation/mexico/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for fintech institutions and banks | Banco de México | Ley para Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera (Ley Fintech); Banco de México Circular 4/2019 | No: no stablecoin-specific rule in force was found in the sources this page uses | not covered | 1 November 2026 | dof.gob.mx |
| Nigeria (NG) · /regulation/nigeria/ | In force (Crypto service providers): shall take effect from November 5, 2026 | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) | Investments and Securities Act, 2025; CBN Regulations for the Operations of Non-Security Virtual Assets in Nigeria | Yes: oversight of Non-Security Virtual Assets, including stablecoins | not covered | 9 November 2026 | sec.gov.ng · cbn.gov.ng |
| Pakistan (PK) | In force (Crypto service providers): PVARA's licensing FAQ says the Regulations came into force on their gazette notification, August 21, 2026 | PVARA | Pakistan Virtual Asset Services Regulations, 2026 (S.R.O. 1419(I)/2026) | Yes: Reserve assets maintained under this regulation shall, be maintained at a level equal to one hundred percent (100%) | not covered | 6 November 2026 | pvara.gov.pk · pvara.gov.pk |
| Philippines (PH) · /regulation/philippines/ | In force (Crypto service providers): VASP rules in effect, with a moratorium on new VASP licences | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) | BSP Circular No. 1108; BSP Circular No. 1206 | No: None of the BSP issuances cited here is specific to stablecoin issuance | not covered | 2 November 2026 | bsp.gov.ph · bsp.gov.ph |
| Russia (RU) | In force (Crypto service providers): in force, with some provisions from 2027 | Bank of Russia | Federal Law No. 282-FZ "On Digital Currencies and Digital Rights" | No: The term stablecoin was not found in the text of Law No | For the purposes of this Code, digital currency … is recognised as property. | 9 November 2026 | kremlin.ru · kremlin.ru |
| Singapore (SG) | Proposed only (Stablecoins): no stablecoin-issuer law in force as of 1 November 2026 | Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) | Payment Services Act 2019 | Partial: stablecoins currently fall under the digital payment token (DPT) rules of the Payment Services Act 2019, and the stablecoin issuer licence is a proposal | Businesses that buy digital tokens for long-term investment purposes may enjoy capital gains from the disposal of these digital tokens. However, as there are no capital gains taxes in Singapore, such gains are not subject to tax. | 1 November 2026 | mas.gov.sg · iras.gov.sg · iras.gov.sg |
| South Africa (ZA) · /regulation/south-africa/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for crypto asset service providers | Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA); South African Reserve Bank (SARB) | FAIS Act | No specific rule (statement): unlikely to consider foreign currency-pegged stablecoins as payment instruments for domestic transactions | not covered | 10 November 2026 | resbank.co.za |
| South Korea (KR) · /regulation/south-korea/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for virtual asset service providers (VASPs) | Financial Services Commission (FSC); Financial Supervisory Service (FSS); Korea Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) | Virtual Asset User Protection Act | No: no legal regime for KRW stablecoins yet | not covered | 10 November 2026 | law.go.kr |
| Spain (ES) | In force (Crypto service providers and stablecoins): in force | Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV); Banco de España | EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA); Ley 6/2023 | Yes: supervises, inspects and sanctions the MiCA obligations of issuers of e-money tokens (EMTs) and asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) | Tax reporting only, Orden HFP/886/2023 of 26 July (modelo 721) | 1 November 2026 | boe.es · boe.es · boe.es |
| Switzerland (CH) · /regulation/switzerland/ | Proposed only (Stablecoins): no stablecoin act | FINMA; State Secretariat for International Finance (SIF) | FINMA Guidance 06/2024 | Partial: today's treatment is FINMA guidance on existing law, and the issuer restriction is proposed | not covered | 2 November 2026 | finma.ch · finma.ch |
| Taiwan (TW) | In force (AML registration): Today's regime is AML registration | FSC | Money Laundering Control Act; Virtual Asset Service Act (虛擬資產服務法) | Partial: draft stablecoin issuance regulations | not covered | 6 November 2026 | sfb.gov.tw · law.moj.gov.tw |
| Thailand (TH) · /regulation/thailand/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for digital asset businesses, and the stablecoin rules are only proposed | SEC; Bank of Thailand | Emergency Decree on Digital Asset Businesses | Partial: the stablecoin rules are only proposed | not covered | 10 November 2026 | sec.or.th · sec.or.th |
| Türkiye (TR) · /regulation/turkey/ | In force (Crypto service providers): in force for crypto-asset service providers | Capital Markets Board (Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu, SPK, also CMB) | Capital Markets Law No. 6362; Law No. 7518 | No: No stablecoin-specific provision was found in the texts this page uses | not covered | 1 November 2026 | resmigazete.gov.tr |
| Ukraine (UA) · /regulation/ukraine/ | Enacted, not in force (Crypto service providers): adopted, not in force | National Securities and Stock Market Commission (NSSMC); National Bank of Ukraine | Law No. 2074-IX "On Virtual Assets" | Not covered: National Bank of Ukraine statements on stablecoins or e-money tokens were not collected | not covered | 1 November 2026 | zakon.rada.gov.ua · web.archive.org · nssmc.gov.ua |
| United Arab Emirates (AE) · /regulation/united-arab-emirates/ | In force (Stablecoins): in force under several regimes | Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE); Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA); Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) | Payment Token Services Regulation (Circular 2/2024) | Yes: issuing fiat-referenced virtual assets (FRVAs) requires a licence from the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) | not covered | 1 November 2026 | rulebook.centralbank.ae |
| United Kingdom (GB) · /regulation/united-kingdom/ | Enacted, not in force (Stablecoins): pending | Financial Conduct Authority (FCA); Bank of England | Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/102) | Partial: issuing a qualifying stablecoin becomes a specified activity within the regulatory perimeter of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) on 25 October 2027 | not covered | 9 November 2026 | legislation.gov.uk |
| United States (US) | Enacted, not in force (Stablecoins): pending | OCC; Treasury; FDIC | GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) | Partial: takes effect on 18 January 2027 per the OCC | For U.S. tax purposes, digital assets are considered property, not currency. | 9 November 2026 | govinfo.gov · occ.gov · occ.gov |
| Vietnam (VN) · /regulation/vietnam/ | Pilot (Crypto service providers): pilot | Ministry of Finance | Government Resolution 05/2025/NQ-CP | No: The sources this page uses contain no rule on stablecoins by name | Until there is a tax policy for the crypto-asset market in Vietnam, tax on crypto-asset transactions, transfers and business follows the tax rules for securities | 2 November 2026 | vanban.chinhphu.vn · datafiles.chinhphu.vn |
Argentina
argentina.gob.ar
legislation.gov.au
asic.gov.au
ministers.treasury.gov.au
Colombia
data.europa.eu
esma.europa.eu
Georgia
Germany
hkma.gov.hk
fiuindia.gov.in
ojk.go.id
Japan
fsa.go.jp
laws.e-gov.go.jp
nationalbank.kz
dof.gob.mx
sec.gov.ng
Pakistan
pvara.gov.pk
Russia
Singapore
mas.gov.sg
Spain
boe.es
finma.ch
Taiwan
resmigazete.gov.tr
nssmc.gov.ua
rulebook.centralbank.ae
legislation.gov.uk
United States
govinfo.gov
occ.gov
vanban.chinhphu.vnCite as: Crypto and stablecoin regulation compared: 31 jurisdictions, achivx.org, https://achivx.org/regulation/compare/, as of 2026-11-13, CC BY 4.0